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Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical maternal and fetal characteristics of the study population stratified by corpus luteum number

From: Corpus luteum number and the maternal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as determinants of utero-placental (vascular) development: the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort

Characteristic

Total study population

(n = 201)

0 CL

(n = 8)

1 CL

(n = 142)

> 1 CL

(n = 51)

p-value

Maternal

Age, years

32.2 ± 4.5

30.5 ± 3.9

32.0 ± 4.4

33.0 ± 4.7

0.25

Nulliparous (n, %)

115 (57.2)

6 (75.0)

68 (47.6)

42 (82.4)

< 0.01*3

Mode of conception, IVF/ICSI (n, %)

82 (40.8)

    

Frozen ET, programmed cycle

8 (9.8)

    

Frozen ET, natural cycle

23 (28.0)

    

Fresh ET

51 (62.2)

    

GA at first visit, days

55 [51, 65]

54 [51, 58]

62 [52, 65]

53 [50, 63]

0.021*3

Geographic origin (n, %)

    

0.24

Dutch

156 (79.2)

6 (75.0)

104 (75.4)

46 (90.2)

 

Western other

6 (3.0)

0 (0.0)

5 (3.6)

1 (2.0)

 

Non-western

35 (17.8)

2 (25.0)

29 (21.0)

4 (7.8)

 

Educational level (n, %)

    

0.53

Low

18 (9.1)

0 (0.0)

14 (10.1)

4 (7.8)

 

Middle

65 (33.0)

4 (50.0)

41 (29.7)

20 (39.2)

 

High

114 (57.9)

4 (50.0)

83 (60.1)

27 (52.9)

 

BMI at first visit in first trimester, measured (kg/m2)

24.9 [22.2;28.5]

21.4 [20.9;22.8]

25.2 [22.6;29.2]

23.9 [21.8;27.4]

0.02*1

MAP at first visit in first trimester, measured (mmHg)

80.3 ± 7.2

80.8 (12.1)

80.7 (6.8)

79.6 (7.1)

0.74

Folic acid supplement use, (n, %)

198 (98.5)

8 (100.0)

139 (97.9)

51 (100.0)

1.00

Preconception initiation (n, %)

165 (82.1)

8 (100.0)

110 (77.5)

51 (100.0)

0.001*3

Alcohol consumption (n, %)

57 (28.4)

5 (62.5)

42 (29.4)

10 (19.6)

0.04*2

Smoking (n, %)

27 (13.4)

1 (12.5)

21 (14.7)

5 (9.8)

0.68

Vitamin supplement use (n, %)

118 (58.7)

4 (50.0)

83 (58.5)

31 (60.8)

0.16

First-trimester blood measurements

9 weeks GA, n = 111

     

Renin, pg/mL

25 [18;33]

10 [9;14]

25 [18;32]

30 [23;38]

< 0.001*1–3

Prorenin, pg/mL

277 [201;380]

107 [75;134]

264 [191;365]

373 [270;443]

< 0.001*1–3

Aldosterone, pg/mL

357 [216;571]

323 [214;469]

297 [185;496]

533 [348;866]

< 0.001*2,3

11 weeks GA, n = 192

     

Renin, pg/mL

25 [17;32]

12 [11;17]

23.4 [17;31]

27.0 [23;34]

0.001*1–3

Prorenin, pg/mL

266 [206;386]

129 [109;152]

245.2 [204;340]

351 [278;465]

< 0.001*1–3

Aldosterone, pg/mL

314 [222;465]

360 [266;411]

288 [209;398]

454 [301;727]

0.002*3

Birth outcomes

     

GA at birth, days

39+ 1 [38+ 0;40+ 0]

39+ 0 [38+ 6;40+ 0]

39+ 0 [37+ 6;39+ 5]

39+ 2 [37+ 3;40+ 4]

0.19

Birthweight, gram

3330

[2975;3570]

3490

[3243; 3530]

3305

[2939; 3562]

3335

[3045; 3682]

0.70

Placental weight, gram

455 [387;569]

380 [260; 426]

438 [360; 514]

491 [433; 563]

0.34

Fetal sex, girls (n, %)

94 (47.7)

3 (42.9)

64 (46.0)

27 (52.9)

0.91

Placenta-related complication**(n, %)

50 (24.9)

1 (12.5)

39 (27.5)

10 (19.6)

0.38

PIH

9 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

7 (4.9)

2 (3.9)

0.79

PE

7 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

6 (4.2)

1 (2.0)

0.65

FGR

14 (7.0)

0 (0.0)

11 (7.7)

3 (5.9)

0.67

PTB (iatrogenic and spontaneous)

21 (10.4)

1 (12.5)

17 (11.9)

3 (5.9)

0.47

SGA

19 (9.5)

0 (0.0)

16 (11.2)

3 (5.9)

0.35

  1. Table is partially based on previously published data [14]. Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). *Significance at p < 0.05. **Overlapping diagnoses. 1, statistical difference between 0 CL and 1 CL; 2, statistical difference between 0 CL and > 1 CL; 3, statistical difference between 1 CL and > 1 CL. CL = corpus luteum; GA = gestational age; ICSI = intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF = in vitro fertilization; ET = embryo transfer; BMI = body mass index; MAP = mean arterial pressure; PE = preeclampsia; PIH = pregnancy-induced hypertension; PTB = preterm birth; SD = standard deviation; SGA = small-for-gestational age, defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile. FGR = fetal growth restriction, defined as abdominal circumference and/or estimated fetal weight (EFW) below the 10th percentile or a more than twenty-percentile decrease on the growth curve, compared to previous measurements with at least a time span of two weeks
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Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

ISSN: 1477-7827

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